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Founders' Agreement: Equity, Vesting and IP for Startups

Avoiding co-founder disputes before they start.
23 September 2026 by
Founders' Agreement: Equity, Vesting and IP for Startups
Gaurav Kumar
Legal Documents & DisputesComplete Guide3 min read
The short answer

A founders' agreement sets out co-founders' roles, equity split, vesting (commonly four years with a one-year cliff), assignment of IP to the company, decision-making, commitment, confidentiality, and what happens when a founder leaves, including good leaver and bad leaver terms. It is best signed at or soon after incorporation.

Typical vesting4 years, 1-year cliff
IPAssigned to company
TimingAt incorporation

Core terms

  • Roles and time commitment
  • Equity split and vesting
  • IP assignment
  • Decision-making and deadlocks
  • Confidentiality and non-solicit

Leaver provisions

Unvested shares return to the company; good leavers may keep vested shares at fair value, bad leavers at lower value.

Why investors care

Clean IP ownership and vesting reduce risk in due diligence.

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Implementation

Reflect vesting and transfer restrictions in AoA or share agreements.

Frequently asked questions

Is vesting enforceable in India?

Yes, typically through share transfer or buyback mechanisms in agreements and AoA.

Should equity be split equally?

Not necessarily; base it on contribution, role and commitment.

Can non-competes be enforced?

Post-exit non-competes are restricted by Section 27 of the Contract Act; confidentiality and non-solicit are more enforceable.

What if founders never signed one?

Sign a restated agreement before fundraising.

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Keep reading

Shareholders' Agreement in India: Key Clauses Explained
The rulebook between a company's owners.