A Virtual Network Operator (VNO) provides telecom services such as internet, mobile or long distance using the network of a licensed operator. VNOs have been licensed by the Department of Telecommunications under the Unified Licence (VNO) with service-specific authorisations, entry fees and guarantees. The Telecommunications Act, 2023 is moving the sector to an authorisation regime, so check the latest rules before applying.
Service categories
- Internet service (Category A, B, C)
- Access service (mobile)
- National and international long distance
- Audio conferencing and others
Eligibility
- Indian company
- Net worth and fees as prescribed per service
- Security clearances
Process
- Apply on DoT portal.
- Pay entry fee and submit guarantees.
- Sign licence agreement.
- Tie up with a network service operator.
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Licence fee on revenue, security and lawful interception obligations, and reporting.
Frequently asked questions
Can a VNO own infrastructure?
VNOs primarily use host networks, with limited own equipment as permitted.
Is ISP Category C easy to get?
It has lower entry requirements, suited to local ISPs.
What is AGR?
Adjusted Gross Revenue on which licence fees are calculated.
How does the Telecom Act 2023 change licensing?
It introduces authorisations replacing licences as rules are notified.
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